Expanding the Body Perception Box in Adolescents Using Computational Neuroscience and Embodiment Illusions

Overview

This study will use computer-based tasks and mathematical modeling to identify hidden thinking patterns that contribute to body image issues in teens, such as rigid beliefs or distorted self-perception. Through this research, investigators will develop a VR-based intervention that helps adolescents view and reflect on their bodies in flexible, supportive ways—offering an engaging, scalable tool to promote healthier self-image in schools, clinics, and community settings.

Abstract

Body image disturbance (BID) affects up to half of adolescents and is a key risk factor for serious mental health conditions, including eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorder – two of the most lift-threatening psychiatric illnesses. Despite its impact, we still know very little about the underlying cognitive and neural processes that cause BID during this critical developmental period. This project aims to uncover the mental and brain-based “neurocomputational” processes that drive BID in adolescent girls and young women, and to develop a novel, mechanism-informed virtual reality (VR) embodiment intervention to recalibrate body perception and improve outcomes.



First, we will use computational modelling – a technique that applies advanced mathematics to behavioural data - to identify the hidden mental processes underlying BID. Our work draws on influential models of brain function (predictive coding theory), to identify specific mechanisms that contribute to BID, such as difficulties with confidence in body-related decisions or reduced flexibility in updating beliefs.



Building on these insights, we will then develop a novel virtual reality (VR)-based embodiment intervention. In this intervention, adolescents see a virtual body from a first-person perspective, aligned with their own body sensations. This experience is designed to create a strong sense of ownership over the virtual body. By gradually adjusting the avatar’s appearance (e.g. size or shape) and pairing this with mechanism-informed prompts that target specific aspects of distorted thinking, the intervention encourages more flexible and accurate body representations.



Ultimately, the project aims to generate new scientific insights into the causes of BID and provide clinicians with an accessible, evidence-based intervention that can be scaled for use in schools, clinics, and community settings.

Broader Impact

By combining neuroscience, VR, and lived experience, we aim to create an engaging tool that helps young people see themselves more clearly and more kindly. Co-designed with teens and clinicians, the intervention will be accessible for use in schools, clinics, and community settings - offering hope and support during a crucial time in life.